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Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · 实时热榜

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01
Neurorights: comparing some perspectives on legal reform in global south to analyze the Brazilian case
This paper examines the emergence of neurorights as a legal response to the normative risks associated with the development of neurotechnologies. After defining the concept and its core elements, we adopt a selective comparative perspectives on global south regulatory pathways. It analyzes the Chilean constitutional reform as a pioneering but contested experience, contrasts it with the Brazilian scenario of still-fragmented legislative initiatives, and incorporates the Mexican debate on a generaAlex Moreira
02
Developmental stability of task-rest neural efficiency in youth using a threat and cognitive control task
Behaviors arise from coordinated neural activity across diverse spatial and temporal scales. Prior work has linked better task performance and cognitive functioning to patterns of global network connectivity requiring minimal reconfiguration when switching between task demands. This metric indexing similarity in functional connectivity across task and rest has been termed “neural efficiency.” Here we assess stability of neural efficiency over approximately 3 years in adolescence, specificity acrParmis Khosravi
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Naturalistic stimuli in neuroimaging studies of autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review
Naturalistic stimuli, such as movies and socially rich videos, are increasingly used in neuroimaging to study brain function under conditions that approximate real-world experience. This approach may be particularly informative for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), where social and emotional differences often emerge in complex, dynamic environments that simplified paradigms may not adequately capture. Here, we provide a systematic review of neuroimaging studies that have employed naturalistic stimIoannis Ntoumanis
04
Effects of BCI-based lower limb robots on lower limb function and cognition in stroke patients: a preliminary systematic review
BackgroundBCI-based lower limb robots (BCI-LLR) represent a novel technology used in neurological rehabilitation for stroke patients. However, the effectiveness of BCI-LLR compared to traditional rehabilitation in improving lower extremity function and cognition remains a topic of debate. This study aimed to determine whether BCI-based lower limb robots are more effective than traditional rehabilitation for lower limb dysfunction after stroke.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across muMengqi Shao
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Editorial: Women in brain imaging and stimulation in the era of artificial intelligence
Wen Li
06
A transdisciplinary framework for empathy research
IntroductionEmpathy research spans the social, natural, and clinical sciences, yet its translational impact has been limited by conflicting conceptual frameworks and incompatible methodologies. This paper addresses these barriers by introducing a transdisciplinary framework that consolidates predominant theories of empathy and integrates contemporary neuroscience findings.MethodsA conceptual synthesis was conducted to reconcile major theoretical perspectives and relevant neuroscience findings frKathryn K. Irish
07
Dual-task gait assessment using n-back testing during self-paced treadmill walking in virtual reality: reliability and baseline characterisation for future clinical application
BackgroundDual-task gait paradigms are widely used to assess cognitive–motor integration, however considerable methodological heterogeneity remains. Fixed-speed locomotion and limited assessment of repeatability have contributed to inconsistent baseline findings in healthy adults, complicating interpretation of dual-task effects reported in clinical populations.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the reliability and baseline gait behaviour associated with a dual-task paradigm combining non-immeMohammad Al-Amri
08
Single-subject auditory ERP-BCI performance enhancement in ALS via an AI coding assistant prompt
IntroductionAuditory event-related potential (ERP) brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer communication support for individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) who eventually progress to completely locked-in states. However, individual-specific BCI pipeline optimization is technically demanding and time-consuming, leaving substantial room for performance improvement in practice. A central challenge is increasing selection speed while maintaining reliable classification accuracy, since sMikito Ogino
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Cognitive impairment based on computerized testing among patients with major depressive disorder after remission
ObjectivesTo investigate risk factors associated with cognitive impairment among patients achieving remission from major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsThis study was a retrospective analysis of data that had been prospectively collected from 1,227 patients diagnosed with MDD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition). Remission was defined as achieving a total score of 7 or less on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) followingCui Zhang
10
Optimization of stimulus color for peripheral SSVEP-based brain-computer interfaces
BackgroundMost existing steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) struggle to balance user experience with system performance. Although recent studies have shown that peripheral vision stimulation can evoke SSVEPs with high user comfort, the impact of stimulus color on peripheral SSVEP performance remains underexplored. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate the effect of stimulus color on peripheral SSVEPs.MethodsFour conventional stimulus colorHaochen Liu
11
The neural dynamics of political socio-pragmatic violations: an ERP study
IntroductionPragmatic violations are known to elicit reliable N400 modulations in event related potentials of electroencephalographic recordings. While this effect has been extensively documented in linguistic contexts, evidence from political discourse remains limited. To address this gap, the present study investigated neural responses to socio-pragmatic coherence in politically framed statements.MethodsParticipants read political utterances containing critical target words that were either coManuel Hons
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Naturalizing perceptual experience: the explanatory power of probabilistic computation and the holographic solution
When it comes to consciousness, a central problem is a lack of clarity regarding the ontological status of the phenomenon to be explained. What kind of ‘thing in the world’ is consciousness? In other words, what will a naturalization of consciousness look like? Naturalization requires that every agreed property of consciousness is made continuous with the properties admitted by the natural sciences. In short, the hard problem will remain hard until we fully understand cortical computation, and tAsger Kirkeby-Hinrup
13
Organization of affordance processing in perception-action systems
IntroductionVisual tool processing (VTP), functional grasp planning (FGP) and tool use pantomimes (TUP) are typically associated with left-lateralized cerebral mechanisms. Yet, specific relationships between their neural underpinnings and levels of processing involved are largely unknown. We studied whether similar cerebral asymmetries are observed in the three tasks across different handedness groups, and how they link to the three-action system (3AS) model.MethodsSixty-two participants (34 nonLukasz Przybylski
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Nanotubular networks in the aging brain: from neuroprotection to neurodegeneration
Intercellular communication in the central nervous system extends far beyond classical synaptic transmission. Contemporary studies utilizing in vivo, super-resolution, and ultrastructural microscopy approaches have revealed dynamic nanotubular networks capable of direct protein, organelle, and Ca2+ signal exchange between cells. Microglial tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) support cooperative α-synuclein aggregate clearance and mitochondrial rescue, whereas dendritic nanotubes (DNTs) mediate neuron-to-Maya S. Jategaonkar
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Comparative evaluation of dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI techniques for brain imaging at 3T and 5T magnetic field strengths
PurposeTo evaluate the advantages of 5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) analysis for brain imaging and explore whether standardized perfusion parameters show similar distributions between 3T and 5T cohorts.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 52 adults undergoing 3T/5T MRI (July 2022–February 2025) with T1-weighted and DSC-MRI sequences. Perfusion parameters [cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and mean transit time (MTT)] and gray matterPan Wang
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No strategic interactions between sequential grasping actions
Every day we perform consecutive grasping actions to complete our desired goals. Although we have a good understanding about how the brain programs one grasping action towards a single object, we have limited knowledge about how the brain programs a grasping action within the context of a sequential task. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the characteristics of the second object in a sequence of two grasping movements affects how the first object is grasped. In Experiment 1, we exKevin A. LeBlanc
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MotiVE BCI: motivation models including valence and expectancy in brain–computer interface use
In this work, a theoretical framework addressing the role of motivation in brain–computer interface (BCI) was developed. The aim was to present theory-based versions of motivation models for BCI use that can serve as a foundation for hypothesis generation and experimental testing. As a synthesis of the existing literature on the role of motivation in BCI use, and grounded in a predominantly psychological theoretical background, the P300 MotiVE model and the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) MotiVE modelSonja C. Kleih
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The efferent pathway hypothesis—A mini-review on conditioned immune enhancement
Conditioned immune responses demonstrate that learned sensory cues can modulate peripheral immunity without re-exposure to the original immunological trigger. In 2026, this research area reaches the centennial of early Pavlovian immune-reflex experiments that already reported conditioned leukocyte shifts and enhancement-like resistance to infection. Although modern psychoneuroimmunology has been shaped largely by conditioned immunosuppression, conditioned immune enhancement remains comparativelyMarkus Rueckels
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Implementation of active methodologies: a six-phase instructional design model from a neuroeducational perspective
IntroductionActive methodologies are widely recognized for their potential to enhance learning in higher education. From a neuroeducational perspective, these approaches involve motivational and self-regulatory processes that are theoretically associated with dopaminergic and serotonergic functioning. This study examines the implementation of these methodologies, proposing a six-phase instructional design model, interpreted through this neuroeducational framework.MethodsA qualitative, descriptivJessica Goset-Poblete
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Functional near-infrared spectroscopy study of intermittent theta burst stimulation on lower-limb motor dysfunction in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia
ObjectivesStroke is characterized by high morbidity and high disability rate, and is the main cause of long-term disability. To evaluate the efficacy of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on patients with lower limb motor dysfunction after stroke through functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity Motor Function Scale, and analyze the activation of each channel of the cerebral cortex through fNIRS.MethodsSixty-six patients were randomlyRui Jiang