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Frontiers · Neuroscience

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An end-to-end pipeline for automated fetal brain segmentation and biometry from 3D SSFP MRI
Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an essential role for the evaluation of fetal abnormalities, offering improved visualization of developing brain structures and superior soft tissue contrast in comparison to other imaging modalities. Accurate and reproducible assessment of fetal brain biometry is critical for diagnosing neurodevelopmental abnormalities. However, these measurements typically rely on manual segmentation, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, prone to error and depeYasmin Modarai
02
Freezing of gait and the effects of vibrotactile cueing in Parkinson’s disease–a study protocol of a cross-sectional multimodal brain imaging approach in virtual walking scenarios
BackgroundFreezing of gait (FOG) is one of the most debilitating motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), affecting a substantial proportion of people with PD. Numerous hypothetical mechanisms exist, attempting to explain FOG. Current evidence originated from stationary measures in lying positions, limiting the understanding of neurophysiological changes elicited by FOG episodes during regular locomotion. Neurophysiological aspects of FOG, especially in response to vibrotactile cueing, have bTim Göcking
03
A novel mutation in SETD1A is associated with early-onset epilepsy—a rare case report
SET Domain Containing 1A (SETD1A) is a histone H3K4 methyltransferase implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Pathogenic variants in this gene are associated with schizophrenia, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. Here, whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed on a 4-year-old Chinese girl with early-onset epilepsy and her unaffected parents. A novel de novo heterozygous variant in SETD1A (NM_014712.3: c.1067C > T/p.Ser356Phe) was identified in a patient presenting with RiNa Su
04
Local field potentials for target localization in centromedian deep brain stimulation for epilepsy
ObjectiveTo evaluate whether local field potential (LFP) spectral profiles can serve as a candidate “spectral fingerprint” for physiological confirmation of centromedian-parafascicular (CM–Pf) targeting during thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) for drug resistant epilepsy (DRE).MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 10 patients (20 leads) who underwent CM-DBS implantation for DRE at a single tertiary center. Postoperative CT and preoperative MRI were co-registered, normalized to the MontrealShruti Agashe
05
Altered brain entropy and functional connectivity patterns in peritoneal dialysis patients
ObjectiveTo explore abnormal changes in brain entropy (BEN) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and their associations with cognitive impairment (CI).MethodsFifty-three PD patients and 49 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was performed to calculate BEN and RSFC. Neuropsychological assessments and clinical indicator collection were conducted. PD Dashan Li
06
Cerebrospinal fluid mechanics across CNS barriers: from production, circulation, and clearance to mechanomedicine
BackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is often framed as a transport medium, yet its motion and pressure dynamics impose continuous mechanical loading on central nervous system (CNS) barrier and interface systems. These cues span scales—from cilia-scale near-wall shear to craniospinal compliance-driven pulsatility—and may shape barrier phenotypes, immune programs, and clearance efficiency. In simple terms, this review asks how abnormal CSF motion is converted into barrier dysfunction and disease-rXinglin Cheng
07
The potential role of aberrant microglial synaptic pruning in the neurodevelopmental pathogenesis of tourette syndrome
Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder traditionally attributed to dopamine system hyperactivity within the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuitry. However, classical neurotransmitter hypotheses fail to fully explain the spatiotemporal and developmental specificities of the disorder. Consequently, research focus has shifted toward the neuroimmune microenvironment, specifically the role of microglia. This review aims to comprehensively explore the potential mechanisms of microgliaLu Lu
08
Changes in perineuronal net and parvalbumin expression in the orbitofrontal cortex of male Wistar rats following repeated fentanyl administration
The misuse of opioid medications is a significant health issue in the United States. Very few studies have investigated the effect of opioids on perineuronal nets (PNNs), scaffold-like structures that surround neurons and are involved in the regulation of plasticity-dependent mechanisms such as development, learning and memory, and acquisition of addiction-like phenotypes. Regulation of PNNs in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) during periods of drug intoxication or withdrawal is widely unknown. InMariana I. H. Dejeux
09
Neonatal propofol exposure impairs synaptic plasticity and cognition, associated with BAG3 upregulation and disrupted synaptic protein homeostasis
BackgroundPropofol is widely used in pediatric anesthesia, but it has been implicated in adverse effects on brain development following repeated early-life exposure. Bag3, a co-chaperone protein involved in proteostasis and the neuronal stress response, may play a critical role in regulating synaptic function during early brain maturation.MethodsNeonatal mice were treated with propofol on postnatal days 5–7. Hippocampal neurogenesis was assessed via BrdU immunofluorescence. Synaptic proteins (PSLiurong Chen
10
Automated diagnosis of Sturge–Weber syndrome by detecting leptomeningeal angiomatosis from MRI using a multi-task deep learning framework
ObjectivesSturge–Weber Syndrome (SWS) is a rare neurocutaneous disorder requiring early and accurate diagnosis. This study aims to develop a deep learning framework for automatic diagnosis of SWS by detecting leptomeningeal angiomatosis (LA) in brain magnetic resonance images (MRI).MethodsThis retrospective study includes 40 SWS patients and 101 healthy controls. T1-weighted MRI were collected over 15 years with different scanners. Multi-scale harmonization was proposed to normalize the images tJing Wu
11
A configurable streaming spiking neural network accelerator with decoupled pixel–level and output–channel parallelism for automatic modulation classification
Streaming spiking neural network (SNN) accelerators are widely adopted on edge platforms for their deterministic, low-latency inference. Realizing their full efficiency, however, requires three properties to hold simultaneously: a router-free streaming dataflow, joint exploitation of temporal and spatial sparsity within that dataflow, and configurable parallelism that can adapt to heterogeneous layers and hardware budgets. Existing streaming SNN accelerators typically achieve at most two of thesKuilian Yang
12
Correction: Behavioral representations within the endogenous dual attentional pathways during audiovisual integration processing
Zhixi Zhang
13
Predictors of unfavorable 3-month functional outcome following intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase in anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke: a prospective cohort study
BackgroundIntravenous thrombolysis with alteplase remains the standard reperfusion strategy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), yet many patients still experience unfavorable outcomes despite timely treatment, underscoring the need for reliable multimodal prognostic markers.ObjectiveTo identify independent clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging predictors of unfavorable 3-month functional outcome in anterior circulation AIS treated with alteplase, and to develop, internally validate, and benchmark Chaowei Wang
14
Integrated multi-omics and deep learning analysis reveals neurotransmitter metabolism regulatory mechanisms of Tianwang Buxin Dan
BackgroundTianwang Buxin Dan is a classical Traditional Chinese Medicine formula with documented clinical use in treating neuropsychiatric disorders, yet its molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.MethodsWe developed an integrated analytical framework combining transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling with deep learning to investigate the neurotransmitter metabolism regulatory mechanisms of Tianwang Buxin Dan. Data were collected from a para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)- induced insomMacao Wan
15
Microglial Sestrin2 alleviates depressive-like behaviors and cognitive impairment in a YTHDF1-dependent manner
ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the role of microglial Sestrin2 in chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced depressive-like behaviors and cognitive impairment in mice, and to explore the upstream molecular mechanism underlying the abnormal expression of microglial Sestrin2.MethodsMicroglia-specific overexpression of Sestrin2 was achieved by injecting adeno-associated virus (AAV) into the CUS mouse hippocampus. Depressive-like behaviors were assessed using sucrose preference, tail suspeMing Sun
16
Correction: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) knock-down is protective against hypoxia, Aβ1-42 oligomer and Aβ1-42 fibril-induced neuronal cell death: implications in AD pathogenesis
Ramcharan Singh Angom
17
A dual-branch network with brain region-constrained attention for EEG emotion recognition
IntroductionElectroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition provides an objective avenue for affective computing. However, the complexity of EEG signals across temporal, frequency, and spatial domains makes any single dimension inadequate.MethodsTo overcome these limitations, we propose the Brain Region-Constrained Attention Dual-Branch Network (BRAD-Net). This network adopts a parallel Spatio-Temporal and Spectral-Spatial dual-branch architecture to achieve synergistic multi-domain EEG fChengyu Hua
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Development of a transformation model to analyze horizontal saccadic velocity using electrooculography: a pilot feasibility study
IntroductionSaccadic eye movements are established biomarkers in neuroscience and clinical neurology, with video-oculography (VOG) serving as the gold standard for measurement. However, the high cost, bulky equipment, and poor portability of VOG systems restrict their clinical utility. Electrooculography (EOG) provides a practical alternative, but quantitative conversion of EOG-derived measurements into VOG-equivalent values remains insufficiently established. This study aimed to develop and valDa Young Kim
19
Prototypical graph based deep label propagation with semantic augmentation for cross-subject and cross-session EEG emotion recognition
Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based emotion recognition faces significant generalization challenges in cross-subject and cross-session settings, primarily due to the inherent non-stationarity, individual differences, and semantic deficiency of EEG signals. To address these challenges and enhance the universality of affective brain-computer interface systems, this study proposes a novel unsupervised domain adaptation framework named Prototypical Graph-based Deep Label Propagation with Semantic AugmeYufang Dan
20
Lower limb rehabilitation in chronic incomplete SCI: a randomized controlled trial protocol comparing combined TMS-tSCS neuromodulation vs. tSCS alone
BackgroundSpinal cord injury (SCI) affects 15.4 million people worldwide, with a substantial proportion of incomplete SCI patients remaining non-ambulatory, highlighting the importance of motor function recovery and mobility in rehabilitation. While transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique for enhancing motor recovery, the therapeutic potential of combining tSCS with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) remains largely uneRavi Shankar