Frontiers

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2 个榜单18天前更新默认榜单

Neuroscience

Frontiers

18天前更新

01
Mitochondrial–neuroimmune interfaces in post-stroke spasticity: from acute brain injury to chronic motor phenotypes
Post-stroke spasticity is a common and clinically consequential manifestation of the upper motor neuron syndrome, yet its mechanisms are incompletely explained by stretch reflex hyperexcitability alone. Established models emphasize corticospinal and corticoreticulospinal injury, altered brainstem descending drive, spinal reflex amplification, impaired inhibitory control, and secondary changes in skeletal muscle and connective tissue. In parallel, stroke induces profound mitochondrial stress andZihang Huang
02
FIS1 dependent peripheral fission exacerbates mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction in prion diseases
IntroductionMitochondrial dysfunction is an early and critical feature of neuronal injury in prion diseases, a group of fatal transmissible neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial dynamics, a core component of mitochondrial quality control, maintains neuronal homeostasis through balanced fission and fusion. Although mitochondrial fission can be further divided into distinct spatial subtypes, the specific subtype involved in prion-associated neurotoxicity and its regulatory mechanisms remain uFengting Gou
03
Cellular senescence and senolytic therapy in traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and long-term disability in the United States. The initial primary injury in TBI is followed by a secondary injury cascade of molecular events, which can persist for years, and contributes to neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and long-term functional deficits after TBI. In this review, we will discuss evidence that cellular senescence in TBI, where damaged cells enter a state of permanent cell-cycle arrest and release pro-inflammatory faDarrell W. Brann
04
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in E200K genetic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease: a national study from an endemic Slovak cohort
BackgroundGenetic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (gCJD) is a rare inherited prion disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the PRNP gene. Slovakia represents one of the major endemic regions worldwide, with most genetic cases linked to the E200K variant. Reliable cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers remain important for diagnosis and surveillance in this setting.MethodsWe analyzed CSF samples from 77 consecutive symptomatic patients with genetically confirmed E200K gCJD referred to the National RefeDana Zakova
05
Elevated cerebral blood flow in distal and intermediate arterial territories in pediatric sickle cell anemia
IntroductionChildren with sickle cell anemia (SCA) are at increased risk of cerebrovascular complications due to chronic anemia and progressive vascular injury, yet how their cerebral hemodynamics are altered remains poorly understood. Previous research has shown that overall cerebral blood flow (CBF) is often higher in SCA, likely as an adaptive response to their chronic anemia, while this CBF increase is also linked to a greater risk of stroke, silent infarcts, and cognitive deficits. DistinguPing Zou Stinnett
06
Structural changes in gray matter and white matter across the Alzheimer’s disease continuum
ObjectiveThe pathophysiological spectrum of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a continuum, with the AT(N) framework defining stages based on the presence of Aβ pathology, tau pathology, and neurodegeneration. However, the spatial characteristics of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) changes at different stages remain insufficiently defined. This study aimed to establish a cross-sectional cohort of the AD continuum using the AT(N) staging system and systematically delineate the spatial features ofShuai Lin
07
Age-associated differences in cervical sagittal alignment parameters among asymptomatic adults: a cross-sectional reference study
PurposeWhile age-adjusted alignment goals are established for the lumbar spine, analogous clinically actionable tools are lacking for cervical sagittal assessment. This study aimed to derive and internally assess simple, age- and sex-specific formulas for key cervical parameters—thoracic inlet angle minus cervical lordosis (TIA-CL), neck tilt (NT), and cervical sagittal vertical axis (cSVA)—in asymptomatic adults.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 632 rigorously screened asYu Zhang
08
Correction: The impact of spatial normalization strategies on the temporal features of the resting-state functional MRI: spatial normalization before rs-fMRI features calculation may reduce the reliability
Zhao Qing
09
A perspective on the use of the CatWalk device to assess dynamic spasticity in rodent models
IntroductionSpasticity is a hallmark of upper motor neuron syndrome and arises from complex neurophysiological and biomechanical alterations, including disinhibition of the stretch reflex and secondary changes in muscle properties. While rodent models are widely used to study spasticity, objective assessment of dynamic spasticity during locomotion remains challenging. The CatWalk (CW) system is a well-established tool for automated gait analysis; however, its specific utility in quantifying spasJohannes C. Heinzel
10
Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation for disorders of consciousness: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis based on sham-controlled randomized trials
BackgroundTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may improve behavioral signs of consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC), but evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and previous meta-analyses has remained inconsistent. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of tDCS in patients with DoC and explored potential effect modifiers.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs comparing active tDCS with sham stimuFuqiang Wang
11
Effects of acupuncture on mild cognitive impairment via the microbiota–gut–brain axis: a systematic review
BackgroundMild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a critical window for intervention in neurodegenerative diseases. As emerging evidence suggests the role of microbiota–gut–brain (MGB) axis on cognitive health, this systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of acupuncture in modulating the MGB axis to alleviate cognitive decline.MethodsA systematic search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to April 2026. FolMona Sadat Khalifeh Soltani
12
Graphomotor performance as a quantitative marker of Alzheimer’s disease: a tablet-based case–control ROC study
BackgroundFrom the clinical and neurobiological perspective of cortico subcortical loop concepts, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with progressive deterioration of cognitive, emotional, and motor functions, which can be assessed subclinically using digital motion tracking technology in an electromagnetic digitizing tablet technology. Graphomotor analysis provides a source of sensitive digital biomarkers with potential applications in the early diagnosis and monitoring of AD.MethodsA case–Edward Jacek Gorzelańczyk
13
Localizing the epileptogenic zone in drug-resistant epilepsy based on ictal SEEG high-resolution time-frequency representation
IntroductionDrug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) presents a critical clinical challenge, and accurate epileptogenic zone (EZ) localization is essential for successful surgical intervention. Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is widely applied in clinical practice, but conventional visual inspection and high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) suffer from low efficiency, poor reproducibility, and insufficient representation of complex neural dynamics, failing to improve postsurgical seizure-free rates substaGenyu Fu
14
Electromyographic responses of the auriculomotor system during effortful listening in hearing aid users
BackgroundAuricular muscles in humans may still display increased activity associated with auditory attention and effortful listening in complex patterns. As research into this auriculomotor system has primarily been conducted in normal-hearing participants, this study investigated electromyographic (EMG) signals of auricular muscles in hearing aid users under challenging listening conditions in order to evaluate their potential future use as a measure of perceived listening effort.MethodsTwentyAndreas Schroeer
15
Quantitative electroencephalography as a next-generation tool in neurodiagnostics: significance, clinical applications, and practical interpretative frameworks
Introduction and objectiveThis article provides a comprehensive review of the methodology of Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG) as an advanced tool in modern neurodiagnostics. The objective of this study is to systematize knowledge regarding the technical aspects of signal acquisition, its specific clinical applications, and the interpretative frameworks that determine the efficacy of personalized therapeutic interventions in psychiatry and neurology.Materials and methodsThis paper constMarta Kopańska
16
A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the periventricular proliferative zone in the late gestation fetal brain in the pigtail macaque
BackgroundThe fetal brain undergoes rapid cellular and structural changes in late gestation, when waves of neurogenesis and gliogenesis shape cortical circuitry. The ventricular zone (VZ), subventricular zone (SVZ), periventricular white matter (PVWM), and deep white matter (DWM) are enriched in neuroprogenitor cells, newborn neurons, and interneurons, which are regions challenging to study in the third-trimester human fetal brain. The nonhuman primate (NHP) provides a powerful translational modJohn A. Cornelius
17
Molecules, meaning, and physiology: disentangling the active ingredients of psychedelic therapeutics
Psychedelic-assisted therapy has shown rapid and durable benefits across multiple psychiatric conditions, yet the mechanisms underlying these effects remain incompletely understood. Full-dose psychedelic sessions simultaneously engage serotonergic neurochemistry, high-intensity subjective experience, and autonomic-interoceptive physiology, making it difficult to determine which components are necessary or sufficient for therapeutic change. This perspective proposes that three partially separableKim P. C. Kuypers
18
A user-friendly graphical user interface for paw touch classification in rodent cylinder testing
In unilateral rodent models of disease or injury, deficits are induced in only one side of the body, allowing the difference in right versus left limb usage to serve as a metric of disease/injury severity and recovery with various treatments. Unilateral rat models are commonly used for conditions such as Parkinson’s disease (via the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine, 6-OHDA), stroke, and traumatic brain injury, as well as cervical spinal cord injury and peripheral nerve damage. The ‘cylinder test’ haTyler R. Johnson
19
Exploring the differences in neural oscillation mechanisms before and after sleep deprivation
IntroductionSleep deprivation is widespread in modern society and can impair cognitive function and behavioral performance. However, the neural changes associated with individual differences in vulnerability to sleep loss remain unclear, particularly whether temporal fluctuations in neural oscillations provide information beyond conventional mean spectral measures.MethodsWe analyzed a publicly available resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) dataset comprising 64 participants assessed under noZitong Cui
20
Reactive-accelerated-aging soak testing of thin-film polyimide layers treated with an oxygen plasma and chemical soaking
Reliable bonding between polyimide layers is critical for the long-term performance of thin-film neural interfaces, yet the long-term durability of common adhesion methods under physiologically relevant conditions remains unclear. This study uses reactive-accelerated-aging (RAA) soak testing at 87°C to compare the ability of surface treatments based on oxygen plasma and KOH/HCl soaks to enhance polyimide-to-polyimide adhesion. Peel testing was performed as a function of soak time and strip widthKenneth A. Fluker

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Human Neuroscience

Frontiers

18天前更新

01
Target-specific modulation of cortical narrowband gamma by basal ganglia nuclei: a case report
IntroductionNarrow-band gamma (NBG) is an oscillatory activity in the gamma band (60–90 Hz) that has been observed in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), the motor cortex, and, more recently, the globus pallidus internus (GPi) of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, often in the on-medication state. Therapeutic DBS has been shown to modulate NBG, often entraining cortical and subcortical NBG to half the stimulation frequency, often referred to as finely tuned gamma (FTG). However, the differential effeMallory L. S. Eisel
02
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for disorders of consciousness: a narrative review of neurophysiological mechanisms, clinical evidence, and future directions
Disorders of consciousness (DoC) following severe brain injury remain difficult to treat, and effective non-invasive therapeutic options are still limited. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has recently emerged as a promising neuromodulation approach in this field. In this narrative review, we synthesize recent evidence on taVNS for DoC across four domains: neurophysiological mechanisms, multimodal monitoring evidence, clinical efficacy, and stimulation parameter optimizatShutong Mei
03
Editorial: Neuroimaging in affective neuroscience
Graphical AbstractGraphical abstract–Neuroimaging in affective neuroscience.Infographic presenting four interconnected panels describing convergent affective neurocircuitry using brain diagrams, connectivity maps, and summary points for mTBI, IBS and depression, nurse burnout, and alexithymia in multiple sclerosis, with central emphasis on network dysfunction and distributed brain region involvement.Daniele Corbo
04
Translation direction and word familiarity in word translation: an fNIRS study of intermediate Japanese learners of English
IntroductionMany studies have examined the neural bases of word translation based on the revised hierarchical model (RHM). However, the findings reported thus far, mostly focusing on advanced or elementary second-language (L2) learners, have been diverse and often inconsistent. Thus, to explore possible neural bases for translation asymmetry, there is a distinct need to examine word translations by intermediate L2 learners.MethodsWe examined differences in cortical activation patterns during L1Wakana Kawai
05
Beyond behavior: a neurocognitive agenda for investigating the neural underpinnings of successful high-technology augmentative and alternative communication in adults
PurposeResearch has shown that augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) has the potential to function not only as a compensatory communicative strategy, but also as a tool to facilitate language recovery for people with aphasia. However, much work remains in order to understand the brain changes associated with AAC-driven recovery. The purpose of this article is to highlight the need for neurological research on high-technology AAC use, and to advance that research agenda by proposing thSzu-Han Kay Chen
06
A pilot study of spinal reflex modulation during immersive virtual reality exposure in humans
BackgroundThe integration of virtual reality (VR) technologies into clinical rehabilitation and diagnostics is rapidly expanding, yet the neurophysiological mechanisms of their influence on spinal motor circuits remain poorly understood. This pilot study assessed the modulation of spinal reflex excitability during exposure to specific immersive audiovisual stimuli delivered via a virtual reality headset, compared to classical neuromodulation paradigm.Materials and methodsTwenty-one healthy volunMaxim Baltin
07
Effects of neural aging on speech perception in bilinguals vs. monolinguals
This study examined the effects of aging and bilingualism on neural speech perception in Spanish-English (SE) bilinguals and American English (AE) monolinguals. As the population of bilingual older adults continues to grow, understanding how bilingual experience influences auditory processing across the lifespan has important theoretical and clinical implications. Electrophysiological measures, including mismatch negativity (MMN) and the sensory obligatory cortical responses (P1–N1–P2 complex),Miwako Hisagi
08
Research progress on the role of the locus coeruleus in cognitive function
The locus coeruleus (LC) is the primary source of noradrenergic (NE) neurons in the central nervous system, with extensive neural projections throughout the brain, serving as a key ascending modulatory center for regulating cognitive functions. In recent years, the advances in optogenetics, chemogenetics, and high-resolution neuroimaging techniques—including neuromelanin-sensitive MRI (NM-MRI) and diffusion MRI—have further elucidated the role of the LC in cognitive function regulation. ThroughXue Li
09
From scribbling to painting: children’s drawing as an evolutionary laboratory for multisensory and sensorimotor integration
Adult painting emerges from a sophisticated multisensory integration between vision, touch, proprioception, and motor control, taking shape as a form of active Bayesian inference about the external environment. The evolutionary origins (and survival value) of such embodied coordination, however, remain poorly explored. Traditional literature views children’s drawing as a passive output of perceptual-motor-cognitive development. This work proposes the opposite hypothesis: that drawing acts as anMonica Gori
10
Effect of culture relatedness on affective neural responses to words in L1 and L2: ERP studies
This study investigates affective responses to words in bilinguals’ native (L1) and second (L2) languages. Specifically, we examine how the extent to which concepts are related to one’s own native or second culture influences these emotional responses. While previous research has shown that emotional responses are often attenuated in the L2 compared to the L1, the role of culture in this phenomenon remains underexplored. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we recorded neural responses from 34Yanxi Lu
11
Foundations for pediatric vocal biomarkers: age-aware phoneme recognition and latent-space error analysis
IntroductionPediatric speech sound disorders (SSDs) affect many young children and are commonly assessed through auditory-perceptual judgments and IPA transcription, which are limited by listener bias, variable interrater reliability, and difficulty attributing deviations at the phoneme level. We present a developmentally informed framework for pediatric vocal biomarker foundations that prioritizes age-aware, phoneme-resolved interpretability over utterance-level accuracy alone.MethodsUsing a CAChethana Saligram
12
Neuroplasticity in adult second language learning: a systematic scoping review of structural and functional neuroimaging evidence
BackgroundAdult second language (L2) learning offers a valuable model for studying experience-dependent brain plasticity beyond early development. Neuroimaging studies have reported structural and functional changes associated with L2 acquisition, but findings remain heterogeneous and influenced by differences in study design, learner age, training intensity, and imaging modality. In particular, the relationship between structural remodeling and functional reorganization, and their relevance toAli H. Alghamdi
13
Associations between serum inflammatory mediators and chronic pain after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in elderly patients
ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the associations between serum inflammatory mediators and chronic pain after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in elderly patients.MethodsFrom March 2022 to June 2023, 116 elderly patients (≥65 years old) diagnosed with inguinal hernia were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent total extraperitoneal repair (TEP) by laparoscopic surgery. Blood samples were obtained from each patient within the first postoperative day. Serum profiles of IL-1β, ILDongyang Ma
14
Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive training for working memory in healthy adults: a systematic review and robust variance meta-analysis of trained and untrained outcomes
IntroductionTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed as a potential tool for enhancing the benefits of cognitive training, but its added value for working memory in healthy adults remains unclear. This systematic review and robust variance estimation meta-analysis examined whether active tDCS combined with cognitive training improves post-training working memory performance compared with sham tDCS combined with the same training, and whether the effect varies by outcome tHong-Qi Wang
15
Correction: Auditory Processing Disorder in childhood: a critical appraisal of diagnostic validity, functional assessment, and interdisciplinary practice
Júlio César Claudino dos Santos
16
High-frequency taVNS modulates olfaction-related brain activity in patients with subjective cognitive decline
BackgroundSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) is considered a high-risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease and serves as a critical window of the prevention and treatment. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has shown therapeutic effects on cognitive impairment, but there is a lack of research on its application in SCD.PurposeThis study aimed to explore the immediate modulatory effects of taVNS at different frequencies on the brain function in patients with SCD.MethodologySeventyJiazhu Huang
17
Case Report: Anodal DLPFC-tDCS for refractory post-traumatic cognitive fatigue in the hypometabolic brain
BackgroundCognitive fatigue is among the most common and disabling long-term sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), with limited effective treatment options. We report a case of refractory post-mTBI cognitive fatigue treated with home-based anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) guided by FDG-PET/MRI findings.Case presentationA patient sustained an mTBI in 2013 following a high-speed motorcycle accident, with possible loss of consciousness and approximately four hours ofErin Glennon
18
Editorial: Bioengineering for spinal cord injury
Munehisa Shinozaki
19
Associations between incremental exercise capacity and multimodal brain characteristics across training levels
BackgroundPrevious work has shown that endurance training is associated with structural and functional plasticity in prefrontal, hippocampal, cerebellar and network level regions using both cross sectional and longitudinal designs. The present study extends this foundation by examining how key endurance indicators relate to multimodal neural characteristics across different training levels.MethodsThirty-two male participants were classified into high level endurance athletes, moderately trainedKeying Zhang
20
Machine learning and individual variability in electrical field characteristics predict tDCS treatment response for anxiety in older adults in the ACT trial
IntroductionAnxiety is highly prevalent in older adults and often co-occurs with neurodegenerative disorders, worsening cognitive decline and quality of life. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown therapeutic potential, but outcomes remain inconsistent due to individual neurophysiological variability.MethodWe trained machine learning (ML) models to predict state anxiety reduction following active tDCS paired with BrainHQ cognitive training (tDCS + CT) in older adults with modeJunfu Cheng

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