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Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02104-4 How crimps form in the coats of sheep, and the history of the word ‘ionosphere’, in this week’s pick from the Nature archive.

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02125-z The development of two medical AI assistants highlights an unnerving challenge: as the technology races ahead, what is the best way to evaluate what works?

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02278-x The University of Oxford has already vaccinated its first clinical-trial participant. The study’s lead scientist Teresa Lambe tells Nature how they were able to move so fast.

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02315-9 A staging system based on how big a role AI has in patient care can help to identify who is responsible in cases in which care fails.

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02333-7 Infernos ravaged continental expanses of ferns during mass extinction of land and sea animals.

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02346-2 Values in science go beyond politics

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02347-1 Use AI, but don’t mask it

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02348-0 Conversational AI: align commercial incentives with public interests

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02349-z Deserts face unprecedented flash flooding

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10923-8 Editorial Expression of Concern: Carcinoma-produced factors activate myeloid cells through TLR2 to stimulate metastasis

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10931-8 Entangled dual-site migration via boracycle rearrangement

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-01935-5 Researchers are alarmed that the procedure, which has not been rigorously studied, is being advertised by clinics around the world.

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02287-w The discovery of a transmissible melanoma in a freshwater catfish raises questions about the disease’s origin, mode of transmission and broader impact on the species.

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02304-y Textile made from fungal filaments can repair itself and is biodegradable.

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02311-z Ultra-weak ‘biophotons’ might be used to diagnose disease, or could even represent a new signalling mechanism in cells.

Nature, Published online: 27 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02171-7 The national synchrotron source, a laser facility and a particle accelerator are under threat of closure unless cash is found.

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02286-x Naked mole rats live in colonies characterized by having a single breeding queen. It emerges that a queen-associated chemical helps to maintain this reproductive hierarchy.

Nature, Published online: 27 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02294-x Chemical tags on proteins could provide a biomarker for sleep deprivation, mouse studies suggest.

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02300-2 The idea of AI sentience is drawing more focus to consciousness science. But some researchers aren’t sure that’s a good thing.

Nature, Published online: 27 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02355-1 A sand battery can keep Pornainen, Finland, toasty for up to a week in winter. Plus, UK physics facilities face a funding threat and examine MAHA health claims under the microscope.

Nature, Published online: 27 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10929-2 Phase-homogeneous mixed halide perovskites for stable tandem photovoltaics

Nature, Published online: 27 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10930-9 Pyridoxal photoenzymes for asymmetric radical–radical cross-couplings

Nature, Published online: 27 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02309-7 Mathematicians must urgently recognize AI’s impacts on their field — and act swiftly to mitigate threats.

Nature, Published online: 27 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02313-x Understanding natural selection can improve medical treatments, social policies and crop yields.

Nature, Published online: 27 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02316-8 People who give tissue samples for biomedical research might have no idea that their cells are being used for biocomputers.

Nature, Published online: 27 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02314-w A celebration of Ernst Haeckel’s sketches of life forms, from microscopic to majestic.

Nature, Published online: 24 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10911-y Author Correction: Feature-specific threat coding in lateral septum guides defensive action

Nature, Published online: 24 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02267-0 Switching off one copy of a gene also enabled one of the children to walk independently for the first time.

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02351-5 The towering formations appearing over severe wildfires in France and Oregon loft smoke so high they have global consequences.

Nature, Published online: 24 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02338-2 Nature staff discuss the young but deadly dinosaur kings, the prowess of ancient Egyptian princesses, and how London is becoming the world’s AI safety capital.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02282-1 Researchers say that transparent publishing practices could be associated with research quality, but more evidence is needed.

Nature, Published online: 24 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02268-z Early tests suggest the protein can be aimed at targets with tumour-causing mutations.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02308-8 Eliminating polio is within reach — if countries see it as an essential public-health priority.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02312-y Newly discovered figurines point to skills that might have helped shape early humans’ expansion across Europe.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02340-8 Fearless molecular biologist who revealed the workings of antibodies and memories.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02254-5 A lost world.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02341-7 Rigorous trials suggest they reduce the risk of long-term disease after coronavirus infection.

Nature, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02363-1 The emission of ‘biophotons’ could be a cell’s way of communicating with its neighbours. Plus, a ‘timer’ in the brain that tracks sleep and who is accountable when physicians and AI work together.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03966-w Mosquito-borne diseases are breaking records as climate change and other human influences allow the insects to expand their range.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02179-z The field seems to be on the cusp of big advances, but a concerted effort is needed to realize its true potential.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02180-6 Scientists are harnessing its ability to fold, switch and reorganize itself to create a new generation of cellular technologies.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02181-5 The smallest building blocks are enabling next-generation solutions.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02182-4 Nanoparticle technologies hold promise for delivering gene therapies to children with few treatment options.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02183-3 A description of the terminology and methodology used in this supplement, and a guide to the functionality that is available free online at natureindex.com.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10945-2 Author Correction: A ductile solid electrolyte interphase for solid-state batteries

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02359-x New discoveries at famous archeological site add to mystery of ancient human culture.

Nature, Published online: 24 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02332-8 Chief US science adviser calls for a shake-up in funding while handing out grants to accelerate research with AI.

Nature, Published online: 24 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02345-3 The tale gives us glimpses of the medicine and technology of the Homeric world. Plus, this year’s El Niño is set to be the largest on record and the boom in languages at the dawn of farming.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02124-0 Two demonstrations of silicon-based quantum processors tackle the engineering challenges of building scalable quantum computers.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02367-x Discovery of almost 400 structures may help to redefine the true scale of the Aquiry civilization — plus, tiny fossils of the earliest fossil squid ancestor.