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Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02179-z The field seems to be on the cusp of big advances, but a concerted effort is needed to realize its true potential.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02359-x New discoveries at famous archeological site add to mystery of ancient human culture.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02367-x Discovery of almost 400 structures may help to redefine the true scale of the Aquiry civilization — plus, tiny fossils of the earliest fossil squid ancestor.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10791-2 In senescent cells, mitochondria-derived acetyl-CoA promotes histone acetylation and increases chromatin accessibility at inflammatory gene loci. Inhibition of SLC25A1 attenuates these effects, underscoring the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial metabolism and its epigenetic crosstalk to delay age-related functional decline.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10795-y A process-rich global biogeochemical model is used to determine the trade-offs between carbon dioxide removal efficiency and ecosystem impacts in ten ocean ocean biomes following ocean iron fertilization.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10825-9 A plasmonic metamaterial driven at terahertz frequencies achieves strong, ultrafast temporal modulation and shows a transition to the photonic time crystal regime with reduced plasmonic losses.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10834-8 Pathways to previously undescribed polyenes, including unusual enzymes that introduce more sugars onto polyene scaffolds, are discovered, and their accessibility through clean and efficient fermentation and potential for safe use as antifungal treatments is described.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10835-7 Using canopy-penetrating LiDAR data, the northern part of southwestern Amazonia appears to contain as many earthworks as previously estimated for the whole of Amazonia.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10839-3 Perpendicular switching of the polarization state in the layered ferroelectric Bi4Ti3O12 is demonstrated by means of trilinear coupling, allowing manipulation of the in-plane polarization component with an out-of-plane electric field.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10841-9 Complete sequencing of more than 2,000 centromeres from diverse humans reveals structures and elevated mutation rates that shape the evolution of these critically important regions.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10842-8 Probabilistic sequence encoding from language model embeddings within a generative AI framework enables protein miniaturization, modification and augmentation while maintaining native architecture and functional integrity.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10845-5 The piezochiral effect, a new member of the family of strain-responsive functionalities alongside piezoelectricity and piezomagnetism, is introduced, enabling control of chirality through mechanical strain, with future applications in photonics, spintronics, biosensing and quantum information.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10847-3 The cryo‑EM structure of the Oryza sativa photosystem II–light harvesting complex II supercomplex in its native membrane reveals the intact plant photosystem architecture, retaining physiologically relevant proteins and lipids that are otherwise lost during purification.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10848-2 A simple organic catalyst enables direct alternating copolymerization of CO2 with bicycloalkanes to produce high-performance polyesters that can be selectively depolymerized and recycled in a closed-loop lifecycle.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10849-1 GOOSE enables the design and testing of thousands of disordered protein region sequences to reveal distinct sequence-to-function relationships.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10850-8 New data on homebuying loan records around the Second World War in the USA, linked to race and immigration status, show that Black borrowers were disproportionally excluded from mortgage programmes.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10851-7 A new trigonal-phase Co3O4 manufactured using a vacuum-mediated molten-alkali mechanochemical method is described, demonstrating edge-shared octahedral coordination and achieving lower overpotential than spinel-type Co3O4 in the acidic oxygen evolution reaction, with reduced dissolution of cobalt.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10852-6 Systematic analysis of prokaryotic STAND NTPases — relatives of animal and plant immune receptors — uncovers diverse antiviral sensors that detect most of the core structural and replicative proteins of bacteriophages.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10856-2 Cryo-electron tomography uncovers the structure of a conserved hexameric ‘portal complex’ that spans the core wall in vaccinia virus, and shows how it is associated with viral functions such as assembly, mRNA release and genome uncoating.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10862-4 Operando optical microscopy shows avalanche-like lithium deintercalation (intercalation) processes as the dilute stages of graphite are emptied (filled), showing how local disorder governs phase-transition dynamics and ion transport in lithium-ion battery electrodes.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10866-0 A strategy using polymeric carbon nitride crystals induces out-of-plane carrier migration by means of internal electric fields applied on facet-selective nanofilms placed on polymer photocatalysts, increasing the apparent quantum efficiency for overall water splitting.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10868-y Early Cambrian Eoceras shaanxiense gen. et sp. nov. preserves septa and a segmented tube resembling a primordial siphuncle, extending cephalopod origins and revealing early assembly of chambered shells used for buoyancy regulation.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10881-1 A nanopore-based ‘chop and measure’ method sequences peptides at single-amino-acid resolution by using enzymatic digestion to progressively shorten the N terminus one residue at a time, together with repetitive N-terminus re-reading.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10945-2 Author Correction: A ductile solid electrolyte interphase for solid-state batteries

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10754-7 A silicon quantum processing unit executes high-fidelity multiqubit circuits, with all time-varying control signals generated by a digitally programmed cryogenic complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor controller and delivered to the low-noise, exchange-only qubit device through a high-density superconducting ribbon cable.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10766-3 A silicon spin-qubit device comprising a shuttling bus for transporting qubits is used to achieve parity checks up to weight four, highlighting the feasibility and benefits of incorporating shuttling into semiconductor quantum processors.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10942-5 Retraction Note: Human HDAC6 senses valine abundancy to regulate DNA damage

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10861-5 New Mongolian fossil evidence shows zhelestids were not placental-like herbivore relatives, but a dental variant within Zalambdalestoidea, with distinctive molars alongside zalambdalestid skull and limb traits.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10814-y In Drosophila, cell fate switching in adult intestinal stem cells is determined through an epigenetic mechanism in which these cells count divisions, switching from producing enterocytes to producing an enteroendocrine mother cell every ninth division.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10840-w Climate and econometric modelling reveal that human-induced climate change is shifting the burden of childhood malaria in Africa.

Nature, Published online: 30 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-01843-8 The career market is difficult to navigate — and academic achievements feel like they’re no longer enough, says Daniella Watson.

Nature, Published online: 30 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02079-2 Some 50 years after exposing gender discrimination in US academics’ retirement benefits, Mary Gray works as a statistician and social-justice campaigner.

Nature, Published online: 30 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02195-z Researchers are looking for ways to extract the metal from underground reservoirs that use less water.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02124-0 Two demonstrations of silicon-based quantum processors tackle the engineering challenges of building scalable quantum computers.

Nature, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02310-0 Quantum computing exists because governments funded risky bets. Capitalism can carry it the rest of the way — if quantum scientists are supported.

Nature, Published online: 30 July 2026; doi:10.1038/d41586-026-02361-3 Countries such as Spain and France can expect fire regimes more like those of California as climate change favours hot, dry conditions, scientists suggest.

Nature, Published online: 30 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10920-x Author Correction: Sleep chart of biological ageing clocks in middle and late life

Nature, Published online: 30 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10939-0 Somatic mutations reveal the ontogeny of microglia in human aging